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We report here the measurements of the energy spectra of atmospheric muonsand of the cosmic ray primary proton and helium nuclei in a single experiment.These were carried out using the MASS superconducting spectrometer in a balloonflight experiment in 1991. The relevance of these results to the atmosphericneutrino anomaly is emphasized. In particular, this approach allowsuncertainties caused by the level of solar modulation, the geomagnetic cut-offof the primaries and possible experimental systematics to be decoupled in thecomparison of calculated fluxes of muons to measured muon fluxes. The muonobservations cover the momentum and depth ranges of 0.3-40 GeV/c and 5-886g/cmsquared, respectively. The proton and helium primary measurements cover therigidity range from 3 to 100 GV, in which both the solar modulation and thegeomagnetic cut-off affect the energy spectra at low energies.Comment: 31 pages, including 17 figures, simplified apparatus figure, to  appear in Phys. Rev.

Balloon measurements of cosmic ray muon spectra in the atmosphere along with those of primary protons and helium nuclei over midlatitude