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We examine a novel mechanism for structure formation involving initial numberdensity fluctuations between relativistic species, one of which then undergoesa temporary downward variation in its equation of state and generatessuperhorizon-scale density fluctuations. Isocurvature decaying dark mattermodels (iDDM) provide concrete examples. This mechanism solves thephenomenological problems of traditional isocurvature models, allowing iDDMmodels to fit the current CMB and large-scale structure data, while stillproviding novel behavior. We characterize the decaying dark matter and itsdecay products as a single component of ``generalized dark matter''. Thissimplifies calculations in decaying dark matter models and others that utilizethis mechanism for structure formation.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted to PRD (rapid communications

Isocurvature mechanism for structure formation