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Core-collapse supernovae emit of order $10^{58}$ neutrinos and antineutrinosof all flavors over several seconds, with average energies of 10--25 MeV. Inthe Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO), which begins operations this year,neutrinos and antineutrinos of all flavors can be detected by reactions whichbreak up the deuteron. For a future Galactic supernova at a distance of 10 kpc,several hundred events will be observed in SNO. The $\nu_\mu$ and $\nu_\tau$neutrinos and antineutrinos are of particular interest, as a test of thesupernova mechanism. In addition, it is possible to measure or limit theirmasses by their delay (determined from neutral-current events) relative to the$\bar{\nu}_e$ neutrinos (determined from charged-current events). Numericalresults are presented for such a future supernova as seen in SNO. Underreasonable assumptions, and in the presence of the expected countingstatistics, a $\nu_\mu$ or $\nu_\tau$ mass down to about 30 eV can be simplyand robustly determined. If zero delay is measured, then the mass limit isindependent of the distance $D$. At present, this seems to be the bestpossibility for direct determination of a $\nu_\mu$ or $\nu_\tau$ mass withinthe cosmologically interesting range. We also show how to separately study thesupernova and neutrino physics, and how changes in the assumed supernovaparameters would affect the mass sensitivity.Comment: 12 pages including 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

physical review. d. particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/physical review. d. particles and fields

Mass signature of supernova<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>ν</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>ν</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>τ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>neutrinos in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

Mass signature of supernovaνμandντneutrinos in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory