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The effective action of a SU(N)-gauge theory coupled to fermions is evaluatedat a large infrared cut-off scale k within the path integral approach. Thegauge field measure includes topologically non-trivial configurations(instantons). Due to the explicit infrared regularisation there are no gaugefield zero modes. The Dirac operator of instanton configurations shows a zeromode even after the infrared regularisation, which leads to U_A(1)-violatingterms in the effective action. These terms are calculated in the limit of largescales k.Comment: 22 pages, latex, no figures, with stylistic changes and some  arguments streamlined, typos corrected, References added, to appear in Phys.  Rev.

Exact flow equations and the U(1) problem