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We investigate how our baryon-loss limits from anomalous binary-pulsar periodlengthening can be interpreted microscopically to yield specific constraints onthe particle physics of baryon number violation within a neutron star. We focuson the possibility of anomalous baryon disappearance via dark baryon processesand on scenarios in which the produced dark-sector particles do not survive toinfluence the response of the star to baryon-number-violating effects. We fleshout the conditions for which this may occur, as well as other key assumptions.We then turn to the analysis of particle processes in the dense nuclear mediumfound at the core of a neutron star, employing the techniques of relativisticmean-field theory. Using our study of in-medium effects and limits onmacroscopic baryon number violation we extract limits on in-vacuumbaryon-number-violating processes, and we determine them for various equationsof state. We conclude by noting the implications of our results for models ofdark-sector-enabled baryogenesis.

How Macroscopic Limits on Neutron Star Baryon Loss Yield Microscopic Limits on Non-Standard-Model Baryon Decay