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Precision measurements of the possible coupling of spin to other scalars,vectors and pseudovectors has proven to be a sensitive way to search for newparticle physics beyond the standard model. Indeed, in addition to searchingfor exotic spin-spin interactions, studies have been undertaken to look forcouplings of spin to gravity, the relative velocity between particles, andpreferred directions. Several laboratory experiments have established upperbounds on the energy associated with various fermion spin-orientations relativeto Earth. Here, we combine these results with a model of Earth in order toinvestigate the possible long-range spin-velocity interactions associated withthe exchange of ultralight ($m_{z'}<1$ neV) or massless scalar or vectorbosons. We establish stringent bounds on the strength of these couplingsbetween electrons, neutrons, protons and nucleons.

Using Earth to Search for Long-Range Spin-Velocity Interactions