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Lorentz symmetry is a fundamental property of Einstein's theory of generalrelativity that one may wish to test with gravitational wave observations.Einstein-aether theory is a model that introduces Lorentz-symmetry breaking inthe gravitational sector through an aether vector field, while still leading tosecond-order field equations. This well-posed theory passes particle physicsconstraints because it modifies directly only the gravitational sector, yet itpredicts deviations in the inspiral and coalescence of compact objects. Wehere, for the first time, put this theory to the test by comparing itsgravitational wave predictions directly against LIGO/Virgo gravitational wavedata. We construct a waveform model for Einstein-aether theory,EA_IMRPhenomD_NRT, through modifications of the general relativityIMRPhenomD_NRTidalv2 model (used by the LIGO/VIRGO collaboration). This modelconstructs a reponse function that not only contains the transverse-tracelesspolarization, but also additional Einstein-aether (scalar and vectorial)polarizations simultaneously. We then use the many current constraints on thetheory to construct non-trivial priors for the Einstein-aether couplingconstants. After testing the waveform model, we conduct parameter estimationstudies on two gravitational wave events: GW170817 and GW190425. We find thatthese data are not sufficiently informative to place constraints on the theorythat are stronger than current bounds from binary pulsar, solar system andcosmological observations. This is because, although Einstein-aethermodifications include additional polarizations and have been computed beyondleading post-Newtonian order, these modifications are dominated by(already-constrained) dipole effects. These difficulties make it unclearwhether future gravitational wave observations will be able to improve oncurrent constraints on Einstein-aether theory.

Gravitational wave constraints on Einstein-\ae{}ther theory with LIGO/Virgo data