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For the first time at LHC energies, the forward rapidity gap spectra fromproton-lead collisions for both proton and lead dissociation processes arepresented. The analysis is performed over 10.4 units of pseudorapidity at acenter-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 8.16 TeV,almost 300 times higher than in previous measurements of diffractive productionin proton-nucleus collisions. For lead dissociation processes, which correspondto the pomeron-lead event topology, the EPOS-LHC generator predictions are afactor of two below the data, but the model gives a reasonable description ofthe rapidity gap spectrum shape. For the pomeron-proton topology, the EPOS-LHC,QGSJET II, and HIJING predictions are all at least a factor of five lower thanthe data. The latter effect might be explained by a significant contribution ofultra-peripheral photoproduction events mimicking the signature of diffractiveprocesses. These data may be of significant help in understanding the highenergy limit of quantum chromodynamics and for modeling cosmic ray air showers.

First measurement of the forward rapidity gap distribution in pPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 8.16 TeV