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We introduce a gravitational lattice theory defined in an AdS$_3$ black holebackground that provides a holographic dual description of the linear-to-zigzagstructural phase transition, characterized by the spontaneous breaking ofparity symmetry observed in, e.g., confined Coulomb crystals. The transitionfrom the high-symmetry linear phase to the broken-symmetry doubly-degeneratezigzag phase can be driven by quenching the coupling between adjacent sitesthrough the critical point. An analysis of the equilibrium correlation lengthand relaxation time reveals mean-field critical exponents. We explore thenonequilibrium phase transition dynamics leading to kink formation. The kinkdensity obeys universal scaling laws in the limit of slow quenches, describedby the Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM), and at fast quenches, characterized by auniversal breakdown of the KZM.

Structural phase transition and its critical dynamics from holography