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The flavor symmetry-breaking scale in the Froggatt-Nielsen (FN) mechanism isvery weakly constrained by present experiments, and can lie anywhere from a fewTeV to the Planck scale. We construct two minimal, non-supersymmetric,ultraviolet (UV) complete models that generate the FN mechanism, with a global$U(1)_{\rm{FN}}$ flavor symmetry and a single flavon field. Using the one-loopfinite temperature effective potential, we explore the possibility of a strongfirst order phase transition (SFOPT) induced by the flavon. We show that if theflavor symmetry-breaking occurs at intermediate scales $\sim 10^4-10^7$ GeV,then in certain regions of the parameter space, the associated stochasticgravitational wave (GW) background is strong enough to be detected by secondgeneration GW observatories such as the Big Bang Observer (BBO), the Deci-hertzinterferometer Gravitational Observatory (DECIGO), the Cosmic Explorer (CE) andthe Einstein Telescope (ET). We identify viable regions of the parameter spacefor the best detection prospects. While both models of flavor can produce adetectable GW background, the GW signature cannot be used to discriminatebetween them.

Probing intermediate scale Froggatt-Nielsen models at future gravitational wave observatories