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We fully explore the thermal freezeout histories of a vector-portal darkmatter model, in the region of parameter space in which the ratio of masses ofthe dark photon $A^{\prime}$ and dark matter $\chi$ is in the range $1 \lesssimm_{A^{\prime}}/m_{\chi} \lesssim 2$. In this region $2 \rightarrow 2$ and $3\rightarrow 2$ annihilation processes within the dark sector, as well asprocesses that transfer energy between the dark sector and the Standard Model,play important roles in controlling the thermal freezeout of the dark matter.We carefully track the temperatures of all species, relaxing the assumption ofprevious studies that the dark and Standard Model sectors remain in thermalequilibrium throughout dark matter freezeout. Our calculations reveal a richset of novel pathways which lead to the observed relic density of dark matter,and we develop a simple analytic understanding of these different regimes. Theviable parameter space in our model provides a target for future experimentssearching for light (MeV-GeV) dark matter, and includes regions where the darkmatter self-interaction cross section is large enough to affect the small-scalestructure of galaxies.

New Pathways to the Relic Abundance of Vector-Portal Dark Matter