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We explore the dynamics of boson stars in the presence of axionic couplingsthrough nonlinear evolutions of Einstein's field equations. We show that, forlarge axionic couplings, isolated boson stars become unstable, and decay via alarge burst of electromagnetic radiation, becoming less massive and moredilute. Our full nonlinear results are in good agreement with flat-spaceestimates for the critical couplings. We then consider head-on collisions ofsub-critical boson stars and study the electromagnetic and gravitationalsignal. Boson stars cluster around the critical point via interactions, and weargue that mergers will generically be also sources of electromagneticradiation, in addition to gravitational waves, which can be used to placeconstraints on the axionic coupling if such multimessenger signals aredetected.

Electromagnetic emission from axionic boson star collisions