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High finesse optical cavities of current interferometric gravitational-wavedetectors are significantly limited in sensitivity by laser quantum noise andcoating thermal noise. The thermal noise is associated with internal energydissipation in the materials that compose the test masses of theinterferometer. Our understanding of how the internal friction is linked to theamorphous material structure is limited due to the complexity of the problemand the lack of studies that span over a large range of materials. We present asystematic investigation of amorphous metal oxide and Ta$_2$O$_5$-based mixedoxide coatings to evaluate their suitability for low Brownian noiseexperiments. It is shown that the mechanical loss of metal oxides is correlatedto their amorphous morphology, with continuous random network materials such asSiO$_2$ and GeO$_2$ featuring the lowest loss angles. We evaluated differentTa$_2$O$_5$-based mixed oxide thin films and studied the influence of thedopant in the optical and elastic properties of the coating. We estimated thethermal noise associated with high-reflectance multilayer stacks that employeach of the mixed oxides as the high index material. We concluded that thecurrent high index material of TiO$_2$-doped Ta$_2$O$_5$ is the optimal choicefor reduced thermal noise among Ta$_2$O$_5$-based mixed oxide coatings with lowdopant concentrations.

Comprehensive study of amorphous metal oxide and Ta$_2$O$_5$-based mixed oxide coatings for gravitational-wave detectors