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We argue that if the Newtonian gravitational field of a body can mediateentanglement with another body, then it should also be possible for the bodyproducing the Newtonian field to entangle directly with on-shell gravitons. Ourarguments are made by revisiting a gedankenexperiment previously analyzed byBelenchia et al., which showed that a quantum superposition of a massive bodyrequires both quantized gravitational radiation and local vacuum fluctuationsof the spacetime metric in order to avoid contradictions with complementarityand causality. We provide a precise and rigorous description of theentanglement and decoherence effects occurring in this gedankenexperiment,thereby significantly improving upon the back-of-the-envelope estimates givenin the analysis of Belenchia et al. and also showing that their conclusions arevalid in much more general circumstances. As a by-product of our analysis, weshow that under the protocols of the gedankenexperiment, there is no cleardistinction between entanglement mediated by the Newtonian gravitational fieldof a body and entanglement mediated by on-shell gravitons emitted by the body.This suggests that Newtonian entanglement implies the existence of gravitonentanglement and supports the view that the experimental discovery of Newtonianentanglement may be viewed as implying the existence of the graviton.

Gravitationally Mediated Entanglement: Newtonian Field vs. Gravitons