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Transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions, also abbreviatedas TMDs, offer a three-dimensional picture of hadrons by taking the intrinsictransverse momentum of the parton into consideration. Hence, they are veryimportant for us to understand the structure of hadrons. In this article, wecalculate and summarize all TMDs of quark through the spectator model, fromtwist-2 to twist-4. Especially, we give complete results of TMDs at twist-4. Weadopt a general analytical framework to calculate TMDs, with both scalar andaxial-vector spectators being considered. All TMDs are calculated analyticallyin the light-cone coordinate, and single gluon rescattering is considered togenerate T-odd TMDs. T-even TMDs are also calculated to this level, maybe forthe first time. Different from the traditional point of view, the twist-4 TMDscan contribute to some physical observables like azimuthal asymmetries. Anapproximate formula of the Sivers asymmetry, including twist-4 TMDs, is given.

Leading and higher twist transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions in the spectator model