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We perform extensive nonlinear numerical simulations of the sphericalcollapse of (charged) wavepackets onto a charged black hole withinEinstein-Maxwell theory and in Einstein-Maxwell-scalar theory featuringnonminimal couplings and a spontaneous scalarization mechanism. We confirm thatblack holes in full-fledged Einstein-Maxwell theory cannot be overcharged pastextremality and no naked singularities form, in agreement with the cosmiccensorship conjecture. We show that naked singularities do not form even inEinstein-Maxwell-scalar theory, although it is possible to form scalarizedblack holes with charge above the Reissner-Nordstr\"om bound. We argue thatcharge and mass extraction due to superradiance at fully nonlinear level iscrucial to bound the charge-to-mass ratio of the final black hole belowextremality. We also discuss some "descalarization" mechanisms for scalarizedblack holes induced either by superradiance or by absorption of anopposite-charged wavepacket; in all cases the final state after descalarizationis a subextremal Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole.

Challenging the cosmic censorship in Einstein-Maxwell-scalar theory with numerically simulated gedankenexperiments