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Intermediate mass ratio inspiral (IMRI) binaries -- containing stellar-massblack holes coalescing into intermediate-mass black holes ($M>100M_{\odot}$) --are a highly anticipated source of gravitational waves (GWs) for AdvancedLIGO/Virgo. Their detection and source characterization would provide a uniqueprobe of strong-field gravity and stellar evolution. Due to the asymmetriccomponent masses and the large primary, these systems generically excitesubdominant modes while reducing the importance of the dominant quadrupolemode. Including higher order harmonics can also result in a $10\%-25\%$increase in signal-to-noise ratio for IMRIs, which may help to detect thesesystems. We show that by including subdominant GW modes into the analysis wecan achieve a precise characterization of IMRI source properties. For example,we find that the source properties for IMRIs can be measured to within$2\%-15\%$ accuracy at a fiducial signal-to-noise ratio of 25 if subdominantmodes are included. When subdominant modes are neglected, the accuracy degradesto $9\%-44\%$ and significant biases are seen in chirp mass, mass ratio,primary spin and luminosity distances. We further demonstrate that includingsubdominant modes in the waveform model can enable an informative measurementof both individual spin components and improve the source localization by afactor of $\sim$10. We discuss some important astrophysical implications ofhigh-precision source characterization enabled by subdominant modes such asconstraining the mass gap and probing formation channels.

physical review. d/physical review. d.

High-precision source characterization of intermediate mass-ratio black  hole coalescences with gravitational waves: The importance of higher-order  multipoles