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Future experiments based on the observation of Earth's atmosphere fromsub-orbital and orbital altitudes plan to include optical Cherenkov cameras toobserve extensive air showers produced by high-energy cosmic radiation via itsinteraction with both the Earth and its atmosphere. As discussed elsewhere,particularly relevant is the case of upward-moving showers initiated byastrophysical neutrinos skimming and interacting in the Earth. The Cherenkovcameras, by looking above Earth's limb, can also detect cosmic rays withenergies starting from less than a PeV up to the highest energies (tens ofEeV). Using a customized computation scheme to determine the expected opticalCherenkov signal from these high-energy cosmic rays, we estimate thesensitivity and event rate for balloon-borne and satellite-based instruments,focusing our analysis on the Extreme Universe Space Observatory aboard a SuperPressure Balloon 2 (EUSO-SPB2) and the Probe of Extreme Multi-MessengerAstrophysics (POEMMA) experiments. We find the expected event rates to belarger than hundreds of events per hour of experimental live time, enabling apromising overall test of the Cherenkov detection technique from sub-orbitaland orbital altitudes as well as a guaranteed signal that can be used forunderstanding the response of the instrument.

Modeling the Optical Cherenkov Signals by Cosmic Ray Extensive Air Showers Directly Observed from Sub-Orbital and Orbital Altitudes