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Massive bosonic fields in the background of a Kerr black hole can eithertrigger superradiant instabilities (black-hole bombs) or form equilibriumconfigurations corresponding to pure bound states, known as stationary scalarclouds. Here, similar phenomena are shown to emerge in the fluctuation dynamicsof a rotating photon-fluid model. In the presence of suitable vortex flows, thedensity fluctuations are governed by the massive Klein-Gordon equation on a(2+1) curved spacetime, possessing an ergoregion and an event horizon. Wereport on superradiant instabilities originating from quasi-bound phonon statestrapped by the vortex background and, remarkably, on the existence ofstationary modes in synchronous rotation with the horizon. These represent theacoustic counterpart of astrophysical scalar clouds. Our system offers apromising platform for analogue gravity experiments on superradiantinstabilities of massive bosons and black-hole-field equilibriumconfigurations.

Acoustic black-hole bombs and scalar clouds in a photon-fluid model