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Observations of the time-dependent cosmic-ray Sun shadow have been proven asa valuable diagnostic for the assessment of solar magnetic field models. Inthis paper, seven years of IceCube data are compared to solar activity andsolar magnetic field models. A quantitative comparison of solar magnetic fieldmodels with IceCube data on the event rate level is performed for the firsttime. Additionally, a first energy-dependent analysis is presented and comparedto recent predictions. We use seven years of IceCube data for the Moon and theSun and compare them to simulations on data rate level. The simulations areperformed for the geometrical shadow hypothesis for the Moon and the Sun andfor a cosmic-ray propagation model governed by the solar magnetic field for thecase of the Sun. We find that a linearly decreasing relationship between Sunshadow strength and solar activity is preferred over a constant relationship atthe 6.4sigma level. We test two commonly used models of the coronal magneticfield, both combined with a Parker spiral, by modeling cosmic-ray propagationin the solar magnetic field. Both models predict a weakening of the shadow intimes of high solar activity as it is also visible in the data. We findtensions with the data on the order of $3\sigma$ for both models, assuming onlystatistical uncertainties. The magnetic field model CSSS fits the data slightlybetter than the PFSS model. This is generally consistent with what is foundpreviously by the Tibet AS-gamma Experiment, a deviation of the data from thetwo models is, however, not significant at this point. Regarding the energydependence of the Sun shadow, we find indications that the shadowing effectincreases with energy during times of high solar activity, in agreement withtheoretical predictions.

physical review. d/physical review. d.

Measurements of the Time-Dependent Cosmic-Ray Sun Shadow with Seven  Years of IceCube Data -- Comparison with the Solar Cycle and Magnetic Field  Models