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By a generalization of the Hopfield model, we construct a microscopicLagrangian describing a dielectric medium with dispersion and dissipation. Thisfacilitates a well-defined and unambiguous $\textit{ab initio}$ treatment ofquantum electrodynamics in such media, even in time-dependent backgrounds. Asan example, we calculate the number of photons created by switching on and offdissipation in dependence on the temporal switching function. This effect maybe stronger than quantum radiation produced by variations of the refractiveindex $\Delta n(t)$ since the latter are typically very small and yield photonnumbers of order $(\Delta n)^2$. As another difference, we find that thepartner particles of the created medium photons are not other medium photonsbut excitations of the environment field causing the dissipation (which isswitched on and off).

Quantum radiation in dielectric media with dispersion and dissipation