English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

In this article, we apply the path optimization method to handle thecomplexified parameters in the 1+1 dimensional pure $U(1)$ gauge theory on thelattice. Complexified parameters make it possible to explore the Lee-Yang zeroswhich helps us to understand the phase structure and thus we consider thecomplex coupling constant with the path optimization method in the theory. Weclarify the gauge fixing issue in the path optimization method; the gaugefixing helps to optimize the integration path effectively. With the gaugefixing, the path optimization method can treat the complex parameter andcontrol the sign problem. It is the first step to directly tackle the Lee-Yangzero analysis of the gauge theory by using the path optimization method.

Path optimization for $U(1)$ gauge theory with complexified parameters