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A first detection of terrestrial gravity noise in gravitational-wavedetectors is a formidable challenge. With the help of environmental sensors, itcan in principle be achieved before the noise becomes dominant by estimatingcorrelations between environmental sensors and the detector. The maincomplication is to disentangle different coupling mechanisms between theenvironment and the detector. In this paper, we analyze the relations betweenphysical couplings and correlations that involve ground motion and LIGO straindata h(t) recorded during its second science run in 2016 and 2017. We find thatall noise correlated with ground motion was more than an order of magnitudelower than dominant low-frequency instrument noise, and the dominant couplingover part of the spectrum between ground and h(t) was residual coupling throughthe seismic-isolation system. We also present the most accurate gravitationalcoupling model so far based on a detailed analysis of data from a seismicarray. Despite our best efforts, we were not able to unambiguously identifygravitational coupling in the data, but our improved models confirm previouspredictions that gravitational coupling might already dominate linearground-to-h(t) coupling over parts of the low-frequency, gravitational-waveobservation band.

Observation of a potential future sensitivity limitation from ground motion at LIGO Hanford