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We study the $DN$ and $D^\ast N$ interactions to probe the inner structure of$\Sigma_c(2800)$ and $\Lambda_c(2940)$ with the chiral effective field theoryto the next-to-leading order. We consider the contact term, one-pion-exchangeand two-pion-exchange contributions to characterize the short-, long- andmid-range interactions of the $D^{(\ast)}N$ systems. The low energy constantsof the $D^{(\ast)}N$ systems are related to those of the $N\bar{N}$ interactionwith quark level Lagrangian that inspired by the resonance saturation model.The $\Delta(1232)$ degree of freedom is also included in the loop diagrams. Theattractive potential in the $[DN]_{J=1/2}^{I=1}$ channel is too weak to formbound state, which indicates the explanation of $\Sigma_c(2800)$ as the compactcharmed baryon is more reasonable. Meanwhile, the potentials of the isoscalarchannels are deep enough to yield the molecular states. We obtain the masses ofthe $[DN]_{J=1/2}^{I=0}$, $[D^\ast N]_{J=1/2}^{I=0}$ and $[D^\astN]_{J=3/2}^{I=0}$ systems to be $2792.0$ MeV, $2943.6$ MeV and $2938.4$ MeV,respectively. The $\Lambda_c(2940)$ is probably the isoscalar $D^\ast N$molecule considering its low mass puzzle. Besides, the $\Lambda_c(2940)$ signalmight contain the spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ and spin-$\frac{3}{2}$ two structures,which can qualitatively explain the significant decay ratio to $D^0p$ and$\Sigma_c\pi$. We also study the $\bar{B}^{(\ast)}N$ systems and predict thepossible molecular states in the isoscalar channels. We hope experimentalistscould hunt for the open charmed molecular pentaquarks in the$\Lambda_c^+\pi^+\pi^-$ final state.

$D^{(\ast)}N$ interaction and the structure of $\Sigma_c(2800)$ and $\Lambda_c(2940)$ in chiral effective field theory