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The diquark is a strongly correlated quark pair that plays an important rolein hadrons and hadronic matter. In order to treat the diquak as a buildingblock of hadrons, we formulate an effective theory of diquark fields with$SU(3)_R \times SU(3)_L$ chiral symmetry. We concentrate on the scalar ($0^+$)and pseudoscalar ($0^-$) diquarks and construct a linear-sigma-modelLagrangian. It is found that the effective Lagrangian contains a new type ofchirally symmetric meson-diquark-diquark coupling that breaks axial $U_A(1)$symmetry. We discuss consequences of the $U_A(1)$ anomaly term to the diquarkmasses as well as to the singly heavy baryon spectrum, which is directlyrelated to the diquark spectrum. We find an inverse mass ordering betweenstrange and nonstrange diquarks. The parameters of the effective theory can bedetermined by the help of lattice QCD calculations of diquarks and also fromthe mass spectrum of the singly heavy baryons. We determine the strength of the$U_A(1)$ anomaly term, which is found to give a significant portion of thediquark masses.

Chiral effective theory of diquarks and the U_A(1) anomaly