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We derive the quantum kinetic theory for fermions with arbitrary mass in abackground electromagnetic field from the Wigner-function approach. Since spinof massive fermions is a dynamical degree of freedom, the kinetic equationswith the leading-order quantum corrections describe entangled dynamics of notonly the vector- and axial-charge distributions but also of the spinpolarization. Therefore, we obtain one scalar and one axial-vector kineticequations with magnetization currents pertinent to the spin-orbit interaction.We show that our results smoothly reduce to the massless limit where the spinof massless fermions is no longer an independent dynamical degree of freedombut is enslaved by the chirality and momentum and the accordingly kineticequations turn into the chiral kinetic theory for Weyl fermions. We provide akinetic theory covering both the massive and massless cases, and hence resolvesthe problem in constructing the bridge between them. Such generalization may becrucial for applications to various physical systems. Based on our kineticequations, we discuss the anomalous currents transported by massive fermions inthermal equilibrium.

Axial Kinetic Theory and Spin Transport for Fermions with Arbitrary Mass