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The determination of the primary energy of extensive air showers using thefluorescence detection technique requires an estimation of the energy carriedaway by particles that do not deposit all their energy in the atmosphere. Thisestimation is typically made using Monte Carlo simulations and thus depends onthe assumed primary particle mass and on model predictions for neutrino andmuon production. In this work we present a new method to obtain the invisibleenergy from events detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory. The method usesmeasurements of the muon number at ground level, and it allows us to reducesignificantly the systematic uncertainties related to the mass composition andthe high energy hadronic interaction models, and consequently to improve theestimation of the energy scale of the Observatory.

Data-driven estimation of the invisible energy of cosmic ray showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory