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Future 21 cm intensity mapping surveys such as SKA can provide preciseinformation on the spatial distribution of the neutral hydrogen (HI) in thepost-reionization epoch. This information will allow to test the standard LCDMparadigm and with that the nature of gravity. In this work, we employ theSHYBONE simulations, which model galaxy formation in f(R) modified gravityusing the IllustrisTNG model, to study the effects of modified gravity on HIabundance and power spectra. We find that the enhanced growth low-mass darkmatter halos experience in f(R) gravity at high redshifts alters the HI powerspectrum and can be observable through 21 cm intensity mapping. Our resultssuggest that the HI power spectrum is suppressed by 13\% on scales$k\lesssim2\,h\,\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$ at z=2 for F6, a f(R) model which passesmost observational constraints. We show that this suppression can be detectableby SKA1-MID with 1000 hours of exposure time, making HI clustering a novel testof gravity at high redshift.

High-redshift test of gravity using enhanced growth of small structures probed by the neutral hydrogen distribution