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Elliptic flow ($v_2$) fluctuations in central heavy-ion collisions are directprobes of the fluctuating geometry of the quark-gluon plasma, and, as such, arestrongly sensitive to any deviation from spherical symmetry in the shape of thecolliding nuclei. We investigate the consequences of nuclear deformation for$v_2$ fluctuations, and we assess whether current models of medium geometry areable to predict and capture such effects. Assuming linear hydrodynamic responsebetween $v_2$ and the eccentricity of the medium, $\varepsilon_2$, we performaccurate comparisons between model calculations of $\varepsilon_2$ fluctuationsand STAR data on cumulants of elliptic flow, in central Au+Au and U+Ucollisions. From these comparisons, we evince that the most distinct signaturesof nuclear deformation appear in the non-Gaussianities of $v_2$ fluctuation,and we show, in particular, that the non-Gaussian $v_2$ fluctuations currentlyobserved in central Au+Au collisions are incompatible with model calculationsthat implement a quadrupole coefficient of order 12\% in the $^{197}$Au nuclei.Finally, we make robust predictions for the behavior of higher-order cumulantsof $v_2$ in collisions of non-spherical nuclei.

Elliptic flow fluctuations in central collisions of spherical and deformed nuclei