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We present measurements of the transverse-momentum dependence of ellipticflow $v_2$ for identified pions and (anti)protons at midrapidity($|\eta|<0.35$), in 0%--5% central $p$$+$Au and $^3$He$+$Au collisions at$\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV. When taken together with previously publishedmeasurements in $d$$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV, the resultscover a broad range of small-collision-system multiplicities and intrinsicinitial geometries. We observe a clear mass-dependent splitting of $v_2(p_{T})$in $d$$+$Au and $^3$He$+$Au collisions, just as in large nucleus-nucleus($A$$+$$A$) collisions, and a smaller splitting in $p$$+$Au collisions. Bothhydrodynamic and transport model calculations successfully describe the data atlow $p_T$ ($< 1.5$ GeV/$c$), but fail to describe various features at higher$p_T$. In all systems, the $v_2$ values follow an approximate quark-numberscaling as a function of the hadron transverse kinetic energy per constituentquark($KE_T/n_q$), which was also seen previously in $A$$+$$A$ collisions.

Measurements of mass-dependent azimuthal anisotropy in central $p$$+$Au, $d$$+$Au, and $^3$He$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV