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Charge-dependent azimuthal correlations of same- and opposite-sign pairs withrespect to the second- and third-order event planes have been measured in pPbcollisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} =$ 8.16 TeV and PbPb collisions at 5.02 TeVwith the CMS experiment at the LHC. The measurement is motivated by the searchfor the charge separation phenomenon predicted by the chiral magnetic effect(CME) in heavy ion collisions. Three- and two-particle azimuthal correlatorsare extracted as functions of the pseudorapidity difference, the transversemomentum ($p_\mathrm{t}$) difference, and the $p_\mathrm{t}$ average of same-and opposite-charge pairs in various event multiplicity ranges. The datasuggest that the charge-dependent three-particle correlators with respect tothe second- and third-order event planes share a common origin, predominantlyarising from charge-dependent two-particle azimuthal correlations coupled withan anisotropic flow. The CME is expected to lead to a $v_2$-independentthree-particle correlation when the magnetic field is fixed. Using an eventshape engineering technique, upper limits on the $v_2$-independent fraction ofthe three-particle correlator are estimated to be 13% for pPb and 7% for PbPbcollisions at 95% confidence level. The results of this analysis, both thedominance of two-particle correlations as a source of the three-particleresults and the similarities seen between PbPb and pPb, provide stringentconstraints on the origin of charge-dependent three-particle azimuthalcorrelations and challenge their interpretation as arising from a chiralmagnetic effect in heavy ion collisions.

Constraints on the chiral magnetic effect using charge-dependent azimuthal correlations in pPb and PbPb collisions at the LHC