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In the present work, we describe the results obtained with a large ($\approx133$ cm$^3$) TeO$_2$ bolometer, with a view to a search for neutrinolessdouble-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) of $^{130}$Te. We demonstrate an efficient$\alpha$ particle discrimination (99.9\%) with a high acceptance of the$0\nu\beta\beta$ signal (about 96\%), expected at $\approx 2.5$ MeV. Thisunprecedented result was possible thanks to the superior performance (10 eV rmsbaseline noise) of a Neganov-Luke-assisted germanium bolometer used to detect atiny (70 eV) light signal from the TeO$_2$ detector, dominated by$\gamma$($\beta$)-induced Cherenkov radiation but exhibiting also a clearscintillation component. The obtained results represent a major breakthroughtowards the TeO$_2$-based version of CUORE Upgrade with Particle IDentification(CUPID), a ton-scale cryogenic $0\nu\beta\beta$ experiment proposed as afollow-up to the CUORE project with particle identification. The CUOREexperiment began recently a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay of$^{130}$Te with an array of 988 125-cm$^3$ TeO$_2$ bolometers. The lack of$\alpha$ discrimination in CUORE makes $\alpha$ decays at the detector surfacethe dominant background component, at the level of $\approx 0.01$ counts/(keVkg y) in the region of interest. We show here, for the first time with aCUORE-size bolometer and using the same technology as CUORE for the readout ofboth heat and light signals, that surface $\alpha$ background can be fullyrejected.

Complete event-by-event $\alpha$/$\gamma(\beta)$ separation in a full-size TeO$_2$ CUORE bolometer by Neganov-Luke-magnified light detection