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The goal of this paper is to better understand the structure of fissionfragment distributions by investigating the competition between the staticstructure of the collective manifold and stochastic dynamics. In particular, westudy the characteristics of the tails of yield distributions, which correspondto very asymmetric fission. We use the stochastic Langevin framework tosimulate the nuclear evolution after the system tunnels through themulti-dimensional potential barrier. For a representative sample of differentinitial configurations along the outer turning-point line, we define effectivefission paths by computing a large number of Langevin trajectories. We extractthe relative contribution of each such path to the fragment distribution. Wethen use nucleon localization functions along effective fission pathways toanalyze the characteristics of prefragments at pre-scission configurations. Wefind that non-Newtonian Langevin trajectories, strongly impacted by the randomforce, produce the tails of the fission fragment distribution. The prefragmentsdeduced from nucleon localizations are formed early and change little as thenucleus evolves towards scission. On the other hand, the system contains manynucleons that are not localized in the prefragments, even near the scissionpoint. Such nucleons are rapidly distributed at scission to form the finalfragments. Our study shows that only theoretical models of fission that accountfor some form of dissipative/stochastic dynamics can give an accuratedescription of the structure of fragment distributions. In particular, itshould be nearly impossible to predict the tails of these distributions withinthe standard formulation of time-dependent density functional theory. At thesame time, the large number of non-localized nucleons during fission suggeststhat adiabatic approaches are ill-suited to describe fission fragmentproperties.

Formation and distribution of fragments in the spontaneous fission of 240Pu