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The electromagnetic structure of $^{140}$Sm was studied in a low-energyCoulomb excitation experiment with a radioactive ion beam from the REX-ISOLDEfacility at CERN. The $2^+$ and $4^+$ states of the ground-state band and asecond $2^+$ state were populated by multi-step excitation. The analysis of thedifferential Coulomb excitation cross sections yielded reduced transitionprobabilities between all observed states and the spectroscopic quadrupolemoment for the $2_1^+$ state. The experimental results are compared tolarge-scale shell model calculations and beyond-mean-field calculations basedon the Gogny D1S interaction with a five-dimensional collective Hamiltonianformalism. Simpler geometric and algebraic models are also employed tointerpret the experimental data. The results indicate that $^{140}$Sm showsconsiderable $\gamma$ softness, but in contrast to earlier speculation no signsof shape coexistence at low excitation energy. This work sheds more light onthe onset of deformation and collectivity in this mass region.

The structure of low-lying states in ${}^{140}$Sm studied by Coulomb excitation