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Background: Heavy-ion fusion reactions at energies near the Coulomb barrierare influenced by couplings between the relative motion and nuclear intrinsicdegrees of freedom of the colliding nuclei. The time-dependent Hartree-Fock(TDHF) theory, incorporating the couplings at the mean-field level, as well asthe coupled-channels (CC) method are standard approaches to describe low energynuclear reactions.  Purpose: To investigate the effect of couplings to inelastic and transferchannels on the fusion cross sections for the reactions $^{40}$Ca+$^{58}$Ni and$^{40}$Ca+$^{64}$Ni.  Methods: Fusion cross sections around and below the Coulomb barrier have beenobtained from coupled-channels (CC) calculations, using the barenucleus-nucleus potential calculated with the frozen Hartree-Fock method andcoupling parameters taken from known nuclear structure data. The fusionthresholds and neutron transfer probabilities have been calculated with theTDHF method.  Results: For $^{40}$Ca+$^{58}$Ni, the TDHF fusion threshold is in agreementwith the most probable barrier obtained in the CC calculations including thecouplings to the low-lying octupole $3_1^{-}$ state for $^{40}$Ca and to thelow-lying quadrupole $2_1^{+}$ state for $^{58}$Ni. This indicates that theoctupole and quadrupole states are the dominant excitations while neutrontransfer is shown to be weak. For $^{40}$Ca+$^{64}$Ni, the TDHF barrier islower than predicted by the CC calculations including the same inelasticcouplings as those for $^{40}$Ca+$^{58}$Ni. TDHF calculations show largeneutron transfer probabilities in $^{40}$Ca+$^{64}$Ni which could result in alowering of the fusion threshold.  Conclusions: Inelastic channels play an important role in $^{40}$Ca+$^{58}$Niand $^{40}$Ca+$^{64}$Ni reactions. The role of neutron transfer channels hasbeen highlighted in $^{40}$Ca+$^{64}$Ni.

Microscopic study of $^{40}$Ca+$^{58,64}$Ni fusion reactions