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Background: Nuclear pasta phases, present in the inner crust of neutronstars, are associated with nucleonic matter at sub-saturation densitiesarranged in regular shapes. Those complex phases, residing in a layer which isapproximately 100 m thick, impact many features of neutron stars. Theoreticalquantum-mechanical simulations of nuclear pasta are usually carried out infinite 3D boxes assuming periodic boundary conditions (PBC). The resultingsolutions are affected by spurious finite-size effects.  Purpose: In order to remove spurious finite-size effects, it is convenient toemploy twist-averaged boundary conditions (TABC) used in condensed matter,nuclear matter, and lattice QCD applications. In this work, we study theeffectiveness of TABC in the context of pasta phases simulations within nucleardensity functional theory.  Methods: We perform Skyrme-Hartree-Fock calculations in three dimensions byimplementing Bloch boundary conditions. The TABC averages are obtained by meansof Gauss-Legendre integration over twist angles.  Results: We benchmark the TABC for a free nucleonic gas and apply it tosimple cases such as the rod and slab phases, as well as to more elaborateP-surface and gyroidal phases.  Conclusions: We demonstrate that by applying TABC reliable results can beobtained from calculations performed in relatively small volumes. By studyingvarious contributions to the total energy, we gain insights into pasta phasesin mid-density range.

Twist-averaged boundary conditions for nuclear pasta Hartree-Fock calculations