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Much less is known about neutron structure than that of the proton due to theabsence of free neutron targets. Neutron information is usually extracted fromdata on nuclear targets such as deuterium, requiring corrections for nuclearbinding and nucleon off-shell effects. These corrections are model dependentand have significant uncertainties, especially for large values of the Bjorkenscaling variable x. The Barely Off-shell Nucleon Structure (BONuS) experimentat Jefferson Lab measured the inelastic electron deuteron scattering crosssection, tagging spectator protons in coincidence with the scattered electrons.This method reduces nuclear binding uncertainties significantly and has allowedfor the first time a (nearly) model independent extraction of the neutronstructure function. A novel compact radial time projection chamber was built todetect protons with momentum between 70 and 150 MeV/c. For the extraction ofthe free neutron structure function $F_{2n}$, spectator protons at backwardangle and with momenta below 100 MeV/c were selected, ensuring that thescattering took place on a nearly free neutron. The scattered electrons weredetected with Jefferson Lab's CLAS spectrometer. The extracted neutronstructure function $F_{2n}$ and its ratio to the deuteron structure function$F_{2d}$ are presented in both the resonance and deep inelastic regions. Thedependence of the cross section on the spectator proton momentum and angle isinvestigated, and tests of the spectator mechanism for different kinematics areperformed. Our data set can be used to study neutron resonance excitations,test quark hadron duality in the neutron, develop more precise parametrizationsof structure functions, as well as investigate binding effects (includingpossible mechanisms for the nuclear EMC effect) and provide a first glimpse ofthe asymptotic behavior of d/u as x goes to 1.

Measurement of the structure function of the nearly free neutron using spectator tagging in inelastic $^2$H(e, e'p)X scattering with CLAS