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Despite the fact that a system created in relativistic heavy ion collisionsis an isolated quantum system, which cannot increase its entropy in the courseof unitary quantum evolution, hydrodynamical analysis of experimental dataseems to indicate that the matter formed in the collisions is thermalized veryquickly. Based on common consideration of hydrodynamics as an effective theoryin the domain of slow- and long-length modes, we discuss the physicalmechanisms responsible for the decoherence and emergence of the hydrodynamicbehavior in such collisions, and demonstrate how such physical mechanisms workin the case of the scalar field model. We obtain the evolution equation for theWigner function of a long-wavelength subsystem that describes its decoherence,isotropization, and approach to thermal equilibrium induced by interaction withshort-wavelength modes. Our analysis supports the idea that decoherence,quantum-to-classical transition and thermalization in isolated quantum systemsare attributed to the experimental context, and are related to a particularprocedure of decomposition of the whole quantum system into relevant andirrelevant from an observational viewpoint subsystems.

Entanglement of scales as a possible mechanism for decoherence and thermalization in relativistic heavy ion collisions