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Kaons and protons carry large parts of two conserved quantities, strangenessand baryon number. It is argued that their correlation and thus alsofluctuations are sensitive to conditions prevailing at the anticipatedparton-hadron phase boundary. Fluctuations of the $(\mathrm{K}^+ +\mathrm{K}^-)/(\mathrm{p}+\bar{\mathrm{p}})$ and $\mathrm{K}^+/\mathrm{p}$ratios have been measured for the first time by NA49 in central Pb+Pbcollisions at 5 SPS energies between $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$= 6.3 GeV and 17.3 GeV.Both ratios exhibit a change of sign in $\sigma_{\mathrm{dyn}}$, a measure ofnon-statistical fluctuations, around $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 8 GeV. Below thisenergy, $\sigma_{\mathrm{dyn}}$ is positive, indicating higher fluctuationcompared to a mixed event background sample, while for higher energies,$\sigma_{\mathrm{dyn}}$ is negative, indicating correlated emission of kaonsand protons. The results are compared to UrQMD calculations which which give agood description at the higher SPS energies, but fail to reproduce thetransition to positive values.

Energy dependence of kaon-to-proton ratio fluctuations in central Pb+Pb collisions from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 6.3 to 17.3 GeV