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Elliptic flow in heavy-ion collisions at incident energies $E_{lab}\simeq$(1--160)A GeV is analyzed within the model of 3-fluid dynamics (3FD). We showthat a simple correction factor, taking into account dissipative affects,allows us to adjust the 3FD results to experimental data. This single-parameterfit results in a good reproduction of the elliptic flow as a function of theincident energy, centrality of the collision and rapidity. The experimentalscaling of pion eccentricity-scaled elliptic flow versuscharged-hadron-multiplicity density per unit transverse area turns out to bealso reasonably described. Proceeding from values of the Knudsen number,deduced from this fit, we estimate the upper limit the shearviscosity-to-entropy ratio as $\eta/s \sim 1-2$ at the SPS incident energies.This value is of the order of minimal $\eta/s$ observed in water and liquidnitrogen.

Elliptic Flow and Dissipation in Heavy-Ion Collisions at E_{lab} = (1--160)A GeV