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Azimuthal anisotropy is studied by taking into account the ridges created bysemi-hard scattering, which is sensitive to the initial spatial configurationin non-central heavy-ion collisions. No rapid thermalization is required.Although hydrodynamics is not used in this study, the validity ofhydrodynamical expansion is not excluded at later time after equilibration isachieved. Phenomenological properties of the bulk and ridge behaviors are usedas inputs to determine the elliptic flow of pion and proton at low p_T. Atintermediate p_T the recombination of shower partons with thermal partonsbecomes more important. The phi dependence arises from the variation of thein-medium path length of the hard parton that generates the shower. The p_Tdependence of v_2 is therefore very different at intermediate p_T compared tothat at low p_T. Quark number scaling of v_2 is shown to be only approximatelyvalid at low p_T, but is broken at intermediate p_T, even though recombinationis the mechanism of hadronization in all p_T regions considered.

Azimuthal Anisotropy: Ridges, Recombination and Breaking of Quark Number Scaling