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Nuclear parton distribution functions (NPDFs) are determined by globalanalyses of experimental data on structure-function ratios F_2^A/F_2^{A'} andDrell-Yan cross-section ratios \sigma_{DY}^A/\sigma_{DY}^{A'}. The analyses aredone in the leading order (LO) and next-to-leading order (NLO) of runningcoupling constant \alpha_s. Uncertainties of the NPDFs are estimated in both LOand NLO for finding possible NLO improvement. Valence-quark distributions arewell determined, and antiquark distributions are also determined at x<0.1.However, the antiquark distributions have large uncertainties at x>0.2. Gluonmodifications cannot be fixed at this stage. Although the advantage of the NLOanalysis, in comparison with the LO one, is generally the sensitivity to thegluon distributions, gluon uncertainties are almost the same in the LO and NLO.It is because current scaling-violation data are not accurate enough todetermine precise nuclear gluon distributions. Modifications of the PDFs in thedeuteron are also discussed by including data on the proton-deuteron ratioF_2^D/F_2^p in the analysis. A code is provided for calculating the NPDFs andtheir uncertainties at given x and Q^2 in the LO and NLO.

Determination of nuclear parton distribution functions and their uncertainties at next-to-leading order