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The equilibration of macroscopic degrees of freedom during the fusion ofheavy nuclei, like the charge and the shape, are studied in the Time-DependentHartree-Fock theory. The pre-equilibrium Giant Dipole Resonance (GDR) is usedto probe the fusion path. It is shown that such isovector collective state isexcited in N/Z asymmetric fusion and to a less extent in mass asymmetricsystems. The characteristics of this GDR are governed by the structure of thefused system in its preequilibrium phase, like its deformation, rotation andvibration. In particular, we show that a lowering of the pre-equilibrium GDRenergy is expected as compared to the statistical one. Revisiting experimentaldata, we extract an evidence of this lowering for the first time. We alsoquantify the fusion-evaporation enhancement due to gamma-ray emission from thepre-equilibrium GDR. This cooling mechanism along the fusion path may besuitable to synthesize in the future super heavy elements using radioactivebeams with strong N/Z asymmetries in the entrance channel.

Fusion process studied with preequilibrium giant dipole resonance in time dependent Hartree-Fock theory