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The $K^-/K^+$ ratio produced in heavy-ion collisions at GSI energies isstudied. The in-medium properties at finite temperature of the hadrons involvedare included, paying a special attention to the in-medium properties ofantikaons. Using a statistical approach, it is found that the determination ofthe temperature and chemical potential at freeze-out conditions compatible withthe ratio $K^-/K^+$ is very delicate, and depends very strongly on theapproximation adopted for the antikaon self-energy. The use of an energydependent $\bar{K}$ spectral density, including both s and p-wave components ofthe $\bar{K}N$ interaction, lowers substantially the freeze-out temperaturecompared to the standard simplified mean-field treatment and gives rise to anoverabundance of $K^-$ production in the dense and hot medium. Even amoderately attractive antikaon-nucleus potential obtained from ourself-consistent many-body calculation does reproduce the ``broad-bandequilibration'' advocated by Brown, Rho and Song due to the additional strengthof the spectral function of the $K^-$ at low energies.Comment: 20 pages, 6 figures, sent to Phys. Rev.

physical review. c. nuclear physics/physical review. c, nuclear physics

<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>K</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>−</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi>K</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>ratio in heavy-ion collisions with an antikaon self-energy in hot and dense matter

K−/K+ratio in heavy-ion collisions with an antikaon self-energy in hot and dense matter