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A new method for extracting neutron densities from intermediate energyelastic proton-nucleus scattering observables uses a global Diracphenomenological (DP) approach based on the Relativistic Impulse Approximation(RIA). Data sets for Ca40, Ca48 and Pb208 in the energy range from 500 MeV to1040 MeV are considered. The global fits are successful in reproducing the dataand in predicting data sets not included in the analysis. Using this globalapproach, energy independent neutron densities are obtained. The vector pointproton density distribution is determined from the empirical charge densityafter unfolding the proton form factor. The other densities are parametrized.  This work provides energy independent values for the RMS neutron radius, R_nand the neutron skin thickness, S_n, in contrast to the energy dependent valuesobtained by previous studies. In addition, the results presented in paper showthat the expected rms neutron radius and skin thickness for Ca40 is accuratelyreproduced. The values of R_n and S_n obtained from the global fits that weconsider to be the most reliable are given as follows: for Ca40 R_n is 3.314 >R_n > 3.310 fm and S_n is -0.063 > S_n > -0.067 fm; for Ca48 R_n is 3.459 > R_n> 3.413 fm and S_n is 0.102 > S_n > 0.056 fm; and for Pb208 R_n is 5.550 > R_n> 5.522 and S_n is 0.111 > S_n > 0.083 fm. These values are in reasonableagreement with nonrelativistic Skyrme Hartree-Fock models and with relativisticHartree-Bogoliubov models with density-dependent meson-nucleon couplings. Theresults from the global fits for Ca48 and Pb208 are generally not in agreementwith the usual relativistic mean-field models.Comment: 34 pages, 19 figures, RevTeX4, additional figures and some changes in  the tex

Neutron densities from a global analysis of medium-energy proton-nucleus elastic scattering