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The general structure of the cross section of $\gamma N$ scattering withpolarized photon and/or nucleon in initial and/or final state is systematicallydescribed and exposed through invariant amplitudes. A low-energy expansion ofthe cross section up to and including terms of order $\omega^4$ is given whichinvolves ten structure parameters of the nucleon (dipole, quadrupole,dispersion, and spin polarizabilities). Their physical meaning is discussed indetail. Using fixed-t dispersion relations, predictions for these parametersare obtained and compared with results of chiral perturbation theory. It isemphasized that Compton scattering experiments at large angles can fix the mostuncertain of these structure parameters. Predictions for the cross section anddouble-polarization asymmetries are given and the convergence of the expansionis investigated. The feasibility of the experimental determination of some ofthe struture parameters is discussed.Comment: 41 pages of text, 9 figures; minor revisions prior to publication in  Phys. Rev.

Low-energy Compton scattering of polarized photons on polarized nucleons