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A relativistic mean-field model of nuclear matter with arbitrary protonfraction is studied at finite temperature. An analysis is performed of theliquid-gas phase transition in a system with two conserved charges (baryonnumber and isospin) using the stability conditions on the free energy, theconservation laws, and Gibbs' criteria for phase equilibrium. For a binarysystem with two phases, the coexistence surface (binodal) is two-dimensional.The Maxwell construction through the phase-separation region is discussed, andit is shown that the stable configuration can be determined uniquely at everydensity. Moreover, because of the greater dimensionality of the binodalsurface, the liquid-gas phase transition is continuous (second order byEhrenfest's definition), rather than discontinuous (first order), as infamiliar one-component systems. Using a mean-field equation of state calibratedto the properties of nuclear matter and finite nuclei, various phase-separationscenarios are considered. The model is then applied to the liquid-gas phasetransition that may occur in the warm, dilute matter produced in energeticheavy-ion collisions. In asymmetric matter, instabilities that produce aliquid-gas phase separation arise from fluctuations in the proton concentration(chemical instability), rather than from fluctuations in the baryon density(mechanical instability).Comment: Postscript file, 50 pages including 23 figure

Phase transitions in warm, asymmetric nuclear matter