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Conditions under which compression occurs and collective expansion developsin energetic reactions of heavy nuclei, are analyzed, together with theireffects on emitted light baryons and pions. Within transport simulations, it isshown that shock fronts perpendicular to beam axis form in head-on reactions.The fronts separate hot compressed matter from normal. As impact parameterincreases, the angle of inclination of the fronts relative to beam axisdecreases, and in-between the fronts a weak tangential discontinuity develops.Hot matter exposed to the vacuum in directions perpendicular to shock motion(and parallel to fronts), starts to expand sideways, early within reactions.Expansion in the direction of shock motion follows after the shocks propagatethrough nuclei, but due to the delay does not acquire same strength. Expansionaffects angular distributions, mean-energy components, shapes of spectra andmean energies of different particles emitted into any one direction, andfurther particle yields. Both the expansion and a collective motion associatedwith the weak discontinuity, affect the magnitude of sideward flow withinreaction plane. Differences in mean particle energy components in and out ofthe reaction plane in semicentral collisions, depend sensitively on therelative magnitude of shock speed in normal matter and speed of sound in hotmatter.Comment: 71 pages, 33 figures (available on request), report MSUCL-94

Effects of compression and collective expansion on particle emission from central heavy-ion reactions