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Observables from nuclear and high-energy experiments can be degraded bydetector performance and/or methodology in extracting the observables, such asof the final-state characteristics of heavy-ion collisions in relation to acoarsely estimated reaction-plane direction. We propose the use of deblurringmethods, such as in optics, to correct for observable degradation. Our mainfocus is the restoration of triple-differential particle distributions inheavy-ion collisions. We demonstrate that these could be extracted fromcollision measurements following the Richardson-Lucy deblurring method fromoptics. We illustrate basic features of the restoration methodology in aschematic model assuming either ideal or more realistic particle detection. Theinferred three-dimensional (3D) distributions for collisions may easier tointerpret in terms of collision dynamics and sought properties of bulk matterthan the currently employed Fourier coefficients, that combine information fromdifferent azimuthal angles relative to the reaction plane.

Deblurring for Nuclei: 3D Characteristics of Heavy-Ion Collisions