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We revisit the problem of particlization of a QCD fluid into hadrons andresonances at the end of the fluid dynamical stage in relativistic heavy-ioncollisions in a context of fluctuation measurements. The existing methodssample an ideal hadron resonance gas, therefore, they do not capture thenon-Poissonian nature of the grand-canonical fluctuations, expected due to QCDdynamics such as the chiral transition or QCD critical point. We address theissue by partitioning the particlization hypersurface into locallygrand-canonical fireballs populating the space-time rapidity axis that areconstrained by global conservation laws. The procedure allows to quantify theeffect of global conservation laws, volume fluctuations, thermal smearing andresonance decays on fluctuation measurements in various rapidity acceptances,and can be used in fluid dynamical simulations of heavy-ion collisions. As afirst application, we study event-by-event fluctuations in heavy-ion collisionsat the LHC using an excluded volume hadron resonance gas model matched tolattice QCD susceptibilities, with a focus on (pseudo)rapidity acceptancedependence of net baryon, net proton, and net charge cumulants. We point outlarge differences between net proton and net baryon cumulant ratios that makedirect comparisons between the two unjustified. We observe that the existingexperimental data on net-charge fluctuations at the LHC shows a strongsuppression relative to a hadronic description.

Particlization of an interacting hadron resonance gas with global conservation laws for event-by-event fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions